{"id":45,"date":"2018-05-14T00:33:02","date_gmt":"2018-05-14T00:33:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/?p=45"},"modified":"2018-05-14T00:34:55","modified_gmt":"2018-05-14T00:34:55","slug":"45","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/2018\/05\/14\/45\/","title":{"rendered":"Classification"},"content":{"rendered":"

18.1 Finding Order in Diversity<\/b><\/p>\n

Questions<\/b> Answers<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1. What is the problem with using common names to describe and categories organisms?<\/span><\/td>\nThere can be many of them, and they might refer to different species.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. What is binomial nomenclature? Which two parts of an organism\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s classification are used? Google your favorite plant or animal and report its binomial (scientific) name. <\/span><\/td>\nA two word naming system where each species has its own specific name.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ophiocordyceps unilateralis<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

3. The scientific name for some species of llama is \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cLlama glama\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d. Did that fun fact make you smile?<\/span><\/td>\nOui.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. Put the following terms in the correct order from most general to most specific (Containing the largest number of organisms to containing the smallest number of organisms):<\/span><\/p>\n

order, phylum, genus, kingdom, species, family, class<\/span><\/td>\n

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/span>
\n(King phillip came over from germany saturday.)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5. Linnaeus\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s strategy of classification focused mostly on physical similarities and differences. Is there a problem with that? What characteristics might scientists use today to classify organisms more accurately?<\/span><\/td>\nThere is a problem because scientists won\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2t know which traits to categorize by. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Today scientists might use DNA testing for more accurate results. <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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18.2 Modern Evolutionary Classification<\/b><\/p>\n

Questions<\/b> Answers<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1. What is phylogeny?<\/span><\/td>\nThe evolutionary history of lineages.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. The terms \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cclade\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d and \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cmonophyletic group\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d can both be used for the same thing. What specific groups of organisms are these terms referring to?<\/span><\/td>\nOnes that have a common ancestor.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. i. What is the function of a cladogram? <\/span><\/p>\n

ii.How is speciation represented in a cladogram?<\/span><\/td>\n

\n
    \n
  1. A cladogram is a graph that shows a common ancestor and species breaking out by adaptations to form new species.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. It is represented by two endpoints \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. According to the cladogram on page 517, which species is more closely related to crocodiles: birds, or lizards?<\/span><\/td>\nbirds<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5i. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0What is a derived character? <\/span><\/p>\n

ii. Give an example of a derived character<\/span><\/p>\n

iii. Give an example of a trait that would NOT be considered a derived character, and explain why<\/span><\/td>\n

\n
    \n
  1. A derived character is a trait in somethings most recent common ancestor and was passed down to its descendants.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Snout jaws on dogs and wolves<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Hair on humans and apes because it is not a specific trait.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6. Look at the cladogram on page 519. <\/span><\/p>\n

Briefly explain what information a cladogram <\/span>can<\/b> tell you, and at least one piece of information that a cladogram <\/span>cannot<\/b> tell you. <\/span><\/td>\n

It can tell us what points species evolved from, but it can not tell us why they evolved the way they did.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7. Our classification system still has its weaknesses, but sometimes we must classify organisms in ways that do not align with cladistics.<\/span><\/p>\n

Explain why the class reptilia is not considered a clade. <\/span><\/td>\n

Reptilia is not a clade because there is another class with birds in it. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Reptilia would only be a clade if birds were included in the class.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8. A scientist may use a cladogram as a tool to hypothesize evolutionary relationships. How might a scientist test to see if his or her cladogram is correct? (<\/span>Hint: page 521)<\/span><\/i><\/td>\nA scientist would take DNA samples of all the species on the cladogram and compare the changes to see if they were correct.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

18.3 Building the Tree of Life<\/b><\/p>\n

Questions<\/b> Answers<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1. The late 1800s was when scientists began to realize that there is more to life than plants and animals, and another key kingdom – the protists – was created. What major piece of technology to you think led to this new way of looking at life?<\/span><\/td>\nModern microscopes?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. Explain the change from the single kingdom \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cMonera\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d to \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cEubacteria\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d and \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cArchaebacteria\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d. <\/span><\/td>\nScientists looked at the genetics and realized that there were some differences <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. We (lovingly) refer to the protists as the random group of organisms that don\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2t really fit anywhere else. Use the term \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cmonophyletic groups\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d to explain this in a more scientifically accurate way. <\/span><\/p>\n

Hint: Don\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2t know what a monophyletic group is? \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Revisit section 18.2<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n

Protists are their oun monophyletic group because they have a different common ancestor than the other kingdoms.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. Briefly describe the main characteristics of the three domains.<\/span><\/td>\nBacteria;<\/b> unicellular and prokaryotic, have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.<\/span><\/p>\n

Archaebacteria:<\/b> unicellular and prokaryotic. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Lack peptidoglycan and have unusual lipids.<\/span><\/p>\n

Eukarya;<\/b> \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Have a nucleus. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

5. It seems strange that the Bacteria and Archaea domains each only have one kingdom. Why can\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2t scientists put bacteria and archaea into one domain, branching away from eukarya at one point and then separating from each other later? <\/span><\/p>\n

In other words, why would this be wrong: <\/span><\/p>\n

Hint: Think about how we read cladograms<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n

They evolved to have a nucleus, that would imply that the bacterias evolved to not have one. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/span>
\nTHey cannot be their own kingdom because there are too many differences between them.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6. Name and briefly describe the four kingdoms within the domain Eukarya.<\/span><\/td>\nFungi<\/b> \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0heterotrophs with cell walls containing chitin. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Feed on dead matter by secreting enzymes. Mostly multicellular.<\/span><\/p>\n

Plantae<\/b> \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Autotrophs with cell walls containing cellulose. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Nonmotile and use photosynthesis to create food.<\/span><\/p>\n

Protista<\/b> \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Mostly unicellular, some are synesthetic while others are heterotrophic. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Many look like other kingdoms.<\/span><\/p>\n

Animalia<\/b> \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Multicellular and heterotrophs. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0No cell walls and can move around. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

18.1 Finding Order in Diversity Questions Answers 1. What is the problem with using common names to describe and categories organisms? There can be many of them, and they might refer to different species. 2. What is binomial nomenclature? Which two parts of an organism\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s classification are used? Google your favorite plant or animal and … Continue reading Classification<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":542,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,4],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-45","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mchugh","category-science","tag-guided-reading"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/542"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47,"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45\/revisions\/47"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}