{"id":37,"date":"2018-01-09T17:13:16","date_gmt":"2018-01-09T17:13:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/?p=37"},"modified":"2018-05-14T00:31:44","modified_gmt":"2018-05-14T00:31:44","slug":"evolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/2018\/01\/09\/evolution\/","title":{"rendered":"Evolution"},"content":{"rendered":"

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16.1 and 16.2 Darwin\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s Voyage of Discovery<\/b><\/p>\n

Questions<\/b> Answers<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1. Briefly explain the three patterns of variation Darwin noticed (global, local and over time) (16.1)<\/span><\/td>\nGlobal- He noticed that similar species inhabited ecologically similar places across the globe<\/span><\/p>\n

Local- Noticed that different but closely related species inhabited different habitats within a close area.<\/span><\/p>\n

Over time- Fossils of dead species looked very similar to living animals.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

2. From where did Darwin believe the Galapagos species originated? What evidence did he have to support this? (16.1)<\/span><\/td>\nHe believed that they originated from the South American mainland. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0The Galapagos species were found nowhere else except the mainland, which they resembled a similar species.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. Who were Hutton and Lyell? How did their conclusions support Darwin\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s theory? (16.2)<\/span><\/td>\nHutton and Lyell were Geologists \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0that concluded that the earth had to be more than a few thousand years old for certain rock formations to appear. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0They supported his theory because Darwin believed that evolution would take more than a few thousand years as well.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. Lamarck gets a bad rap because his theory is completely refuted by the way that genes and heredity work. However, Lamarck died when Gregor Mendel was only seven years old, so his ideas were just before their time. <\/span><\/p>\n

Describe how Lamarck\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s theory compares to Darwin\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s. How are they similar? How are they different? \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0(16.2)<\/span><\/td>\n

Both theories say that animals change over time, however Lamarck\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s sais that animals will change to achieve perfection within its lifetime. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Like if a mouse’s tail is cut off, then it will grow back in its lifetime. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Darwin\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s theory says that organisms will change over lifetimes. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5. Who is Thomas Malthus? What idea from the ecology unit does his work relate to? How did this relate to Darwin\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s theory? (16.2)<\/span><\/td>\nMalthus is an economist who predicted that low survivors naturally kept the population low. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0It works into the population density and size unit. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0It relates to Darwin\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s theory of natural selection because the ones that are not fit to survive are eaten, keeping the population low.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6. Give two examples of artificial selection used today – one for plants, and one for animals. (16.2)<\/span><\/td>\nWe breed cats and dogs to have nice colours and have good temperment for families, or an attack animal to keeps unwanted people out. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0We also breed corn to be bigger and sweeter.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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16.3 Darwin Presents His Case<\/b><\/p>\n

Questions<\/b> Answers<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1. Darwin\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s theory is dependent on a few basic requirements. Explain why the following MUST be true in order for natural selection to act upon a species\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2 traits:<\/span><\/p>\n
    \n
  1. Struggle for existence<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Variation and adaptation<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Survival of the Fittest<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n
\n
    \n
  1. This acts on competition of food when a population grows too large.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Species adapt to survive better, they change to their surroundings.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Only the best organisma ca live, which is how species stay alive.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. What is an adaptation? Can an individual organism adapt? Why or why not?<\/span><\/td>\nAn adaptation is a change in a species that helps fix a problem in survival. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0They cannot change in a lifetime because adaptations are genetic, and you cannot change your genotype.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. A common misconception is that natural selection is the process through which a species \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cimproves\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d or \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cgets better\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d. Explain why this is not true.<\/span><\/td>\nAn adaptation is usually a mutation, so it could negatively impact a species.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. Many people think that \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201ccommon descent\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d means that humans evolved from chimpanzees. Explain why this is NOT true. <\/span><\/td>\nApes evolved separately into chimps and humans, they are both separate species.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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16.4 – Evidence of Evolution<\/b><\/p>\n

Questions<\/b> Answers<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1a. Give an example of two species that are <\/span>closely related but different<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

1b. Give an example of two species that are <\/span>distantly related but similar<\/span><\/i> (You may have to answer this question LAST. It\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s an important idea to come back to)<\/span><\/td>\n

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    \n
  1. The Finches on the Galapagos Islands. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0They are all finches, but have different aspects about them that make them different. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. The Emu on Australia and another bird on South America. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0They both have very similar bodies but are different in structure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. What two major types of data have been collected since Darwin\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s time that support his theory about the true age of the Earth?<\/span><\/td>\nVestigial organs help prove his theory because the animal evolved to not need what they were originally intended for. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Also some fossils show the changing of evolution. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. What is a homologous structure? What evidence about a species ancestry does it provide? Why do the organisms look so different today?<\/span><\/td>\nThey are structure shared by many species, indicating a common ancestor. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Organisms look different today because they have evolved in different ways from the same ancestor. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Each one doing different things.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. Organisms with analogous structures are not actually closely related. Why might analogous structures have confused Darwin?<\/span><\/td>\nThey may have been confusing because they have a similar function, but are \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0made differently. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0There is no common ancestor, only a common ecosystem.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5. How is a vestigial structure similar and different from a homologous structure?<\/span><\/td>\nThey are similar because they both come from a common ancestor, \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0however the vestigial structures no longer have any use to the organism.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6. What is embryology, and why do evolutionary biologists love studying it so much?<\/span><\/td>\nIt is the study of how embryos turn into fetus\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0They like to study it because it can help determine which species are descended from a common ancestor. <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7. GENES GENES GENES! IT ALL COMES BACK TO GENES!<\/span><\/p>\n

a. Molecules can actually be homologous. DNA is the ultimate homologous structure. Explain what I mean by that.<\/span><\/p>\n

b. How do genetic mutations lead to evolution? <\/span><\/p>\n

c. How does genetic homology between species (the noun form of homologous) help us in modern-day research of human genetics? (<\/span>Hint: Think about how all genetic research starts. We can\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2t easily experiment on humans\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a6)<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n

\n
    \n
  1. You mean that everything is made up of DNA<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. If a genetic mutation helps an organism and is dominant, then it will help future generations of that species.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. The more genes you share the more closely related the species are.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          16.1 and 16.2 Darwin\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s Voyage of Discovery Questions Answers 1. Briefly explain the three patterns of variation Darwin noticed (global, local and over time) (16.1) Global- He noticed that similar species inhabited ecologically similar places across the globe Local- Noticed that different but closely related species inhabited different habitats within a close … Continue reading Evolution<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":542,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-37","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mchugh","tag-guided-reading"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/542"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44,"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37\/revisions\/44"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/portfolio.gdrsd.org\/allisonf2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}